From Christopraxis to Anthropopraxis: Incarnation, History, and Being Human through the Lens of the Poor in the Theology of Ignacio Ellacuría, S.J. and Daniel Lucas Lukito

Authors

  • Nindyo Sasongko Fordham University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v23i1.683

Keywords:

Christology, Anthropology, Marxist, Ignacio Ellacuría, Daniel Lucas Lukito, Christopraxis, Anthropopraxis

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to relate the incarnation, the cross, and what it means to be human in the struggle for justice. Amid the suspicions of some U.S. theologians against the use of Marxist derivative theories, this article argues otherwise. Christian theology can be enriched by these theories, even if they seem to contradict certain Christian interpretations. This is due to the interdisciplinary nature of theology which is always in dialogue with different scientific disciplines. By focusing on the doctrines of the incarnation and the cross in the theology of Ignacio Ellacuría, S.J. and Daniel Lucas Lukito, this article shows that Christian theologians can use non-Christian concepts, including those of Marxist thinkers, to build contextual theology. Firstly, it will be shown how contemporary thinkers discuss the nexus between incarnation, the cross, and history especially in the thought of Slavoj Žižek, Jürgen Moltmann, and Eberhard Jüngel who were influenced by Hegel and the social theory of Marxism. Then, this article will expound how Ellacuría and Lukito take the Marxist vocabulary and intertwine it with the doctrine of the incarnation, the cross, and history. If the crucified Jesus in history unites with the poor then, in the last part, humanity is not only defined in Christ, but Christ is also defined in crucified humanity, which I call “anthropopraxis.”

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Baucham, Jr., Voddie T. Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism’s Looming Catastrophe. Washington, D.C.: Salem, 2021.

Boff, Clodovis. Theology and Praxis: Epistemological Foundations. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1987.

Budiman, Kalvin S. “Teori Ras Kritis: Sebuah Contoh Konsep Keadilan Sosial Yang Asing Menurut Alkitab,” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 21, no. 1 (Juni 2022). https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v21i1.485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v21i1.485

Cardenal, Rodolfo, S.J.. “The Church of the Crucified People: The Eschatology of Ignacio Ellacuría.” Dalam A Grammar of Justice: The Legacy of Ignacio Ellacuría. Diedit oleh J. Matthew Ashley, Kevin F. Burke, S.J., Rodolfo Cardenal, S.J. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2014.

Chao Romero, Robert dan Jeff M. Liou. Christianity and Critical Race Theory. Grand Rapids: BakerAcademic, 2022.

Cole, Graham. Pendahuluan kepada The God Who Became Human: A Biblical Theology of Incarnation. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2013.

Crossan, John Dominic. Render unto Caesar: The Struggle over Christ and Culture in the New Testament. New York: HarperOne, 2022. Kindle.

Dornan, Geoffrey J. “History, Salvation and the Reign of God: Ignacio Ellacuría Reding El Salvador through Xavier Zubiri.” Ph.D. diss., Boston University School of Theology, 2014.

Edmondson, Christina Barland, dan Chad Brennan. Faithful Anti-Racism: Moving Past Talk to Systemic Change. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2022.

Ellacuría, Ignacio. “The Liberation Function of Philosophy.” Dalam Ignacio Ellacuría: Essays on History, Liberation, and Salvation. Diterjemahkan oleh Michael E. Lee. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2013.

Evans, Tony. Kingdom Race Theology. Chicago: Moody, 2022. Kindle.

Fitch, David. “On Critical Theory and the Christian: My Response to Tim Keller.” Jesus Creed. August 31, 2020. Diakses 14 Maret 2023. Https://www.christianitytoday.com/scot-mcknight/2020/august/critical-theory-tim-keller-and-david-fitch.html.

Gutiérrez, Gustavo. A Theology of Liberation. 15th Anniversary Edition. Diterjemahkan oleh Sr. C. Inda dan J. Eagleson. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988.

Hadley, Christopher M. A Symphony of Distances: Patristic, Modern, and Gendered Dimensions of Balthasar's Trinitarian Theology. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2ks6vz4

Haight, Roger. The Nature of Theology. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2022.

Hart, Drew G. I. Who Will Be a Witness: Igniting Activism for God’s Justice, Love, and Deliverance. Harrisonburg: Herald, 2020.

Hegel, G. W. F. Phenomenology of the Spirit. Diterjemahkan oleh Michael Inwood. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Horsley, Richard A. Jesus and Empire: The Kingdom of God and the New World Disorder. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2003.

Jüngel, Eberhard. God as Mystery of the World: On the Foundation of the Theology of the Crucified One in the Dispute between Theism and Atheism. Diterjemahkan oleh Darrel Guder. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9780567690890

Júnior, Francisco de Aquino. “The Praxical Character of Theology.” Dalam A Grammar of Justice: The Legacy of Ignacio Ellacuría. Diedit oleh J. Matthew Ashley, Kevin F. Burke, S.J., Rodolfo Cardenal, S.J. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2014.

Keller, Timothy. “A Biblical Critique of Secular Justice and Critical Theory.” Diakses 14 Maret 2023. Https://quarterly.gospelinlife.com/a-biblical-critique-of-secular-justice-and-critical-theory/.

Keller, Timothy. “Tim Keller on Biblical Critical Theory,” The Gospel Coalition (November 1, 2022). Diakses 14 Maret 2023. Https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/tim-keller-biblical-critical-theory/.

Lee, Michael E. Bearing the Weight of Salvation: The Soteriology of Ignacio Ellacuría. New York: Herder & Herder, 2009.

Lukito, Daniel L. “A Christian Understanding and Approach of Islam in Indonesia,” Stulos Theological Journal, 3, no. 2 (November 1995): 127-140.

Lukito, Daniel Lucas. “A Critical Analysis of the Theological Method and Christology of Choan-Seng Song.” Th.M. thesis, Calvin Theological Seminary, 1990.

Lukito, Daniel Lucas. Making Christology Relevant to the Third World: Applying Christopraxis to Local Struggle Bern: Peter Lang, 1998.

Moltmann, Jürgen. The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Foundation of Christian Theology. Diterjemahkan oleh R. A. Wilson dan J. Bowden. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993.

Moltmann, Jürgen. Trinity and the Kingdom. Diterjemahkan oleh Margaret Kohl. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981.

Rahner, Karl. The Trinity. New York: Crossroad, 1997.

Schlitt, Dale M. German Idealism’s Trinitarian Legacy Albany. State University of New York, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781438462233

Sobrino, Jon. No Salvation outside the Poor: Prophetic-Utopian Essays. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2008.

Sobrino, Jon. The Principle of Mercy: Taking the Crucified People from the Cross. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1994.

Strachan, Owen. Christianity and Wokeness: How the Social Justice Movement Is Hijacking the Gospel—and the Way to Stop It. Washington, D.C.: Salem, 2021.

Watkin, Christopher. Biblical Critical Theory: How the Bible’s Unfolding Story Makes Sense of Modern Life and Culture. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2022.

Wibowo, Wahyu S. “Jesus as Kurban Christology in the Context of Islam in Indonesia.” Ph.D. diss., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2014.

Williams, Robert R. Tragedy, Recognition, and the Death of God: Studies in Hegel and Nietzsche (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Bab 10. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656059.003.0011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656059.001.0001

Williams, Thaddeus J. Confronting Injustice without Compromising Truth: 12 Questions Christians Should Ask about Social Justice. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic, 2020.

Žižek, Slavoj dan John Milbank, The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic. Diedit oleh Creston Davis Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8208.001.0001

Žižek, Slavoj. The Puppet and the Dwarf: The Perverse Core of Christianity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5706.001.0001

Zubiri, Xavier. Sentient Intelligence. Diterjemahkan oleh Thomas B. Fowler. Washington, D.C.: Xavier Zubiri Foundation of North America, 1999.

Published

01-06-2024

How to Cite

Sasongko, Nindyo. “From Christopraxis to Anthropopraxis: Incarnation, History, and Being Human through the Lens of the Poor in the Theology of Ignacio Ellacuría, S.J. And Daniel Lucas Lukito”. Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 23, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 61–84. Accessed October 14, 2024. https://ojs.seabs.ac.id/index.php/Veritas/article/view/683.

Issue

Section

Articles