The Correlation Between Adolescent Experiences of Violence and Parental Attachment With Adolescent Desire to Use Online Pornography

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v20i2.404

Keywords:

violence, parental attachment, online pornography, desire for pornography, adolescent

Abstract

The increasing curiosity and various hormones (partic­u­lar­­ly sexual hormones) are problems for adolescents, which fre­quent­ly cause them to become unstable. Another factor that con­tri­butes to the complexity of adolescent problems is technological advances. Apart from being a useful means of information tech­nology that is generally beneficial to human life, the internet may also become a threat to adolescents by facilitating access to explicit sexual content, namely online pornography. Besides the above factors, this research exam­ined other factors associated with adoles­cents’ inclination to con­sume online porno­graphy. The purpose of this study is to discover whether there is a correlation between past experiences of vio­lence and parental attachment to the desire to use online por­no­gra­phy. The research method is quantitative and the research subjects were adolescents (N=167, male=70.1%, female=29.9%, M=15–19 years). The findings revealed two things: first, there was no correlation between the past experiences of violence and the desire to use online porno­graphy (r=0.102; p>0.05); and second, parental attachment had a negative cor­relation with the desire to use online pornography (r=–0.157; p<0.05). The contribution of this research is to reaffirm the significance of quality adolescent-parent attachment in fostering a whole­some emotional sense of security and developing a healthy sexu­al identity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ainsworth, Mary S. “Attachments Beyond Infancy.” American Psychologist 44, no. 4 (1989): 709–716. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.4.709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.4.709

Alexy, Eileen M., Ann W. Burgess, and Robert A. Prentky. “Pornography Use as a Risk Marker for an Aggressive Pattern of Behavior Among Sexually Reactive Children and Adolescents.” Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses (December 2009): 442–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390308327137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390308327137

Allen, Andrew, Lee Kannis-Dymand dan Mary Katsikitis. “Problematic Internet Pornography Use: The Role of Craving, Desire Thinking, and Metacognition.” Addictive Behaviors 70 (July 2017): 65–71. https://doi.org/S0306460317300655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.001

Antons, Stephanie, Patrick Trotzke, Elisa Wegmann, and Matthias Brand. “Interaction of Craving and Functional Coping Styles in Heterosexual Males with Varying Degrees of Unregulated Internet-Pornography Use.” Personality and Individual Differences 149 (2019): 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.051

Armsden, Gay C., and Mark T. Greenberg. “The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Individual Differences and Their Relationship to Psychological Well-Being in Adolescence.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 16, no. 5 (October 1987): 427–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202939

Arnold, Bill T. Genesis. New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Bonino, Silvia, Silvia Ciairano, Emanuela Rabaglietti, and Elena Cattelino. “Use of Pornography and Self-Reported Engagement in Sexual Violence among.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 3, no. 3 (September 2006): 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620600562359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620600562359

Bornstein, Robert F. “Interpersonal Dependency in Child Abuse Perpetrators and Victims: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 27, no. 2 (June 2005): 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-005-5381-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-005-5381-1

Bowlby, John. Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. New York: Basic, 1969.

Bryant, Colleen. “Adolescence, Pornography and Harm.” Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice 368 (2009). https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi368.

Carroll, Jason S., et al. “Generation XXX: Pornography Acceptance and Use Among Emerging Adults.” Journal of Adolescent Research 23, no. 1 (2008): 6–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558407306348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558407306348

Caselli, Gabriele, Mara Soliani, and Marcantonio M. Spada. “The Effect of Desire Thinking on Craving: An Experimental Investigation.” Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 27, no. 1 (2013): 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027981

Coley, Rebekah Levine, Jodi Eileen Morris, and Daphne Hernandez, “Out-of-School Care and Problem Behavior Trajectories Among Low-Income Adolescents: Individual, Family, and Neighborhood Characteristics as Added Risks.” Child Development 75, no. 3 (2004): 948–965. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00716.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00716.x

De La Torre, Miguel A. Genesis. Belief: A Theological Commentary on the Bible. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2011.

D’Orlando, Fabio. “The Demand for Pornography.” Journal of Happiness Studies 12 (March 2011): 51–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9175-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9175-0

Dunn, James D.G. The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon: A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.

Efrati, Yaniv dan Yair Amichai-Hamburger. “The Use of Online Pornography as Compensation for Loneliness and Lack of Social Ties Among Israeli Adolescents.” Psychological Reports 122, no. 5 (2019): 1865–1882. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118797580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118797580

Foubert, John D. dan Ana J. Bridges. “What Is the Attraction? Pornography Use Motives in Relation to Bystander Intervention.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 20 (October 2017): 3071–3089. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515596538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515596538

Frame, John M. The Doctrine of The Christian Life: A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed, 2008.

Gershoff, Elizabeth T. dan Andrew Grogan-Kaylor. “Spanking and Child Outcomes: Old Controversies and New Meta-Analyses.” Journal of Family Psychology 30, no. 4 (2016): 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191

Gil, Alexei, et al. “The Association of Child Abuse and Neglect with Adult Disability in Schizophrenia and The Prominent Role of Physical Neglect.” Child Abuse & Neglect 33, no. 9 (September 2009): 618–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.02.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.02.006

Giovannoni, Jeanne M. “Parental Mistreatment: Perpetrators and Victims.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 33, no. 4 (November 1971): 649–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/349437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/349437

Giugliano, John. “Out of Control Sexual Behavior: A Qualitative Investigation,” Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 13, no. 4 (2006): 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160601011273 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160601011273

Griffiths, Mark D. “Sex Addiction on The Internet.” Janus Head 7, no. 1 (2004): 188–217. https://doi.org/10.5840/jh20047147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jh20047147

Hamilton, Victor P. The Book of Genesis: Chapters 1–17. The New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.

Heim, Christine, Margaret Shugart, W. Edward Craighead, dan Charles B. Nemeroff. “Neurobiological and Psychiatric Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect.” Developmental Psychobiology 52, no. 7 (September 2010): 671–690. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20494

Hess, Richard S. dan M. Daniel Carroll. Family in The Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2003.

Hindson, Edward E. dan Dan Mitchell, ed. Zondervan King James Version Commentary: A Two-Volume Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010.

Hoekema, Anthony A. Manusia: Ciptaan Menurut Gambar Allah. Translated by Irwan Tjulianto. Surabaya: Momentum, 2003.

Kar, Sujita Kumar, Ananya Choudhury dan Abhishek Pratap Singh. “Understanding Normal Development of Adolescent Sexuality: A Bumpy.” Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences 8, no. 2 (2015): 70–74. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.158594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.158594

Karen, Robert. Becoming Attached: First Relationships and How They Shape Our Capacity to Love. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Keck, Leander E., ed. “Genesis.” In The New Interpreter’s Bible Commentary Vol. 1: Introduction to the Pentateuch, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. Nashville: Abingdon, 1994.

Kidner, Derek. Genesis: An Introduction and Commentary, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries vol. 1. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2008.

Kraus, Shane dan Harold Rosenberg. “The Pornography Craving Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 43 (2014): 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0229-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0229-3

Kühn, Simone dan Jürgen Gallinat. “Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated with Pornography Consumption: The Brain on Porn.” JAMA Psychiatry 71, no. 7 (2014): 827–834. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.93

Longo, Robert E., Steven M. Brown dan Deborah Price Orcutt. “Effects of Internet Sexuality on Children and Adolescents.” In Sex and The Internet: A Guide Book for Clinicians, edited by Al Cooper. New York: Routledge, 2002.

Luder, Marie-Thérèse, et al. “Associations Between Online Pornography and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents: Myth or Reality?” Archives of Sexual Behavior 40 (2011): 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9714-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9714-0

MacArthur, John, The MacArthur New Testament Commentary. Chicago: Moody, 2011.

Moo, Douglas J. The Letter to the Romans. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Edisi ke-2. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2018.

Moylan, Carrie A., et al. “The Effects of Child Abuse and Exposure to Domestic Violence on Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems.” Journal of Family Violence 25 (2010): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-009-9269-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-009-9269-9

Munroe, Myles, The Purpose and Power of Love and Marriage. Shippensburg: Destiny Image, 2002.

Newberger, Eli H., Carolyn Moore Newberger, and Robert L. Hampton.“Child Abuse: The Current Theory Base and Future Research Needs.” Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (1983): 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60375-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60375-7

Niazof, Daniel., Abraham Weizman, and Aviv Weinstein, “The Contribution of ADHD and Attachment Difficulties to Online Pornography Use among Students.” Comprehensive Psychiatry 93 (2019): 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.07.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.07.002

Peter, Jochen, and Patti M. Valkenburg, “Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Online Material and Recreational Attitudes Toward Sex.” Journal of Communication 56, no. 4 (2006): 639–660. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00313.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00313.x

Peter, Jochen, and Patti M. Valkenburg, “Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research.” The Journal of Sex Research 53, no. 4–5 (2016): 509–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441

Rivera, R., D. Santos-Velasco, V. Cabrera-García, and M. Docal-Millán. “Online and Offline Pornography Consumption in Colombian Adolescents.” Comunicar 46 (2016): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-04

Romito, Patrizia, and Lucia Beltramini. “Factors Associated with Exposure to Violent or Degrading Pornography Among High School Students.” The Journal of School Nursing 31, no. 4 (2015): 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840514563313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840514563313

Rosenberg, Harold, and Shane Kraus. “The Relationship of ‘Passionate Attachment’ for Pornography with Sexual Compulsivity, Frequency of Use, and Craving for Pornography.” Addictive Behaviors 39, no. 5 (Mei 2014): 1012–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.010

Santrock, John W. Psikologi Remaja. 11th edition. Vol. 2. Translated by Benedictine Widyasinta. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2002.

Ševčíková, Anna, and Kristian Daneback. “Online Pornography Use in Adolescence: Age and Gender Differences.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 11, no. 6 (2014): 674–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2014.926808. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2014.926808

Siregar, Sofyan. Statistika Deskriptif untuk Penelitian Dilengkapi Perhitungan Manual dan Aplikasi SPSS Versi 17. Jakarta: Rajawali, 2014.

Skinner, Marilyn D., and Henri-Jean Aubin. “Craving’s Place in Addiction Theory: Contributions of The Major Models.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 34, no. 4 (Maret 2010): 606–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024

Steinberg, Laurence. “We Know Some Things: Parent-Adolescent Relationships in Retrospect and Prospect.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 11, no. 1 (Maret 2001): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00001

Straus, Murray A. “A General Systems Theory Approach to a Theory of Violence Between Members.” Social Science Information 12, no. 3 (1973): 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847301200306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847301200306

Straus, Murray A., Sherry L Hamby, David Finkelhor, David W Moore, and Desmond Runyan. “Identification of Child Maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: Development and Psychometric Data for a National Sample of American Parents.” Child Abuse & Neglect 22, no. 4 (April 1998): 249–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00174-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00174-9

Struthers, William M. Dirancang untuk Keintiman: Bagaimana Pornografi Membajak Otak Pria. Diterjemahkan oleh Junedy Lee dan Handy Hermanto. Surabaya: Literatur Perkantas, Jawa Timur, 2012.

Suchocki, Marjorie H. The Fall to Violence. New York: Continuum, 1994.

Szymanski, Dawn M., and Destin N. Stewart Richardson. “Psychological, Relational, and Sexual Correlates Pornography Use on Young Adult Heterosexual Men in Romantic Relationships.” The Journal of Men’s Studies 22, no. 1 (2014): 64–82. https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.2201.64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.2201.64

Tapscott, Don. Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

Vieth, Victor I., Basyle J. Tchividjian, Donald F. Walker, and Katlin R. Knodel. “Child Abuse and the Church: A Call for Prevention, Treatment, and Training.” Journal of Psychology and Theology 40, no. 4 (Desember 2012): 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711204000407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711204000407

Voon, Valerie, et al. “Neural Correlates of Sexual Cue Reactivity in Individuals with and without Compulsive Sexual Behaviours.” PLoS ONE 9, no. 7 (Juli 2014): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419

Walton, John H. Genesis. NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001.

Weber, Mathias, Oliver Quiring, and Gregor Daschmann. “Peers, Parents and Pornography: Exploring Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material and Its Developmental Correlates.” Sexuality & Culture 16 (2012): 408–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-012-9132-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-012-9132-7

Wéry, A., and J. Billieux. “Problematic Cybersex: Conceptualization, Assessment, and Treatment.” Addictive Behaviors 64 (2017): 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.007

Widi, Restu Kartiko. Asas Metodologi Penelitian: Sebuah Pengenalan dan Penuntun Langkah demi Langkah Pelaksanaan Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2010.

Wright, D.F. “Sexuality, Sexual Ethics.” In Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, edited by Gerald F. Hawthorne, Ralph P. Martin, and Daniel G. Reid. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1993.

Young, Kimberly S., Xiao Dong Yue, and Li Ying. “Prevalence Estimates and Etiologic Models of Internet Addiction.” In Internet Addiction: A Handbook and Guide to Evaluation and Treatment, edited by Kimberly S. Young dan Cristiano Nabuco de Abreu (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2012): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118013991.ch1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118013991.ch1

Zapf, James L., Jay Greiner, and James Carroll. “Attachment Styles and Male Sex Addiction.” Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 15, no. 2 (2008): 158–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160802035832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160802035832

Published

31-12-2021

How to Cite

Timisela, Nancy Rosita, Heman Elia, and Ferry Yefta Mamahit. “The Correlation Between Adolescent Experiences of Violence and Parental Attachment With Adolescent Desire to Use Online Pornography”. Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 297–315. Accessed November 5, 2024. https://ojs.seabs.ac.id/index.php/Veritas/article/view/404.

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>