Critical Race Theory: Example of an Alien Concept of Social Justice According to the Bible
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v21i1.485Keywords:
justice, critical theory, racism, systemic racism, social binary, intersectionality, the BibleAbstract
Not all social justice teachings are social justice according to the teaching of the Bible. The case in point is the teaching of critical theory on racism (Critical Race Theory or CRT). This teaching that nowadays has a strong influence over universities in the United States promotes widely concepts such as systemic racism, social binary, and intersectionality, which has actually caused a social rift marked by never-ending racial prejudice. From the biblical point of view, the critical theory view of racism contains social consequences that harm society at large. It has taught a social mindset that runs counter to the biblical teachings on social justice. After discussing the historical background of CRT and the basic tenets of CRT, I will then provide an evaluation of CRT from the biblical perspective by observing its starting point, its view of the root cause of racism, and the primary solution that it offers.
Downloads
References
Accapadi, Mamta M. “When White Women Cry: How White Women's Tears Oppress Women of Color.” The College Student Affair Journal 26, no. 2 (2007): 208–215. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ899418.pdf.
Allen, Scott D. Why Social Justice Is Not Biblical Justice. Grand Rapids: Credo House, 2020.
Applebaum, Barbara. Being White, Being Good: White Complicity, White Moral Responsibility, and Social Justice Pedagogy. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2010.
Bates, Thomas R. “Gramsci and the Theory of Hegemony,” Journal of the History of Ideas 36, no. 2 (1975): 351–366. https://doi.org/10.2307/2708933.
Birch, Bruce C. “Justice.” Dalam Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics, ed. Joel B. Green, Jacqueline E. Lapsley, Rebekah Miles, dan Allen Verhey, 433–437. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011.
Bratt, James D. Abraham Kuyper: Modern Calvinist, Christian Democrat. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013.
Bronner, Stephen E. Critical Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Ed. ke-2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Bronner, Stephen E. “Critical Theory and Resistance: On Antiphilosophy and the Philosophy of Praxis.” Dalam The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory, ed. Michael J. Thompson, 17–42. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Calmore, John O. “Critical Race Theory, Archie Shepp, and Fire Music: Securing an Authentic Intellectual Life in a Multicultural World.” Dalam Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement, ed. Kimberlé Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller dan Kendall Thomas, 315–328. New York: New Press, 1995.
Chung, Jezzika. “How Asian Immigrants Learn Anti-Blackness from White Culture, and How to Stop It,” Huffington Post, 7 September 2017. Diakses 8 Juli 2020. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/how-asian-americans-can-stop-contributing-to-anti-blackness_b_599f0757e4b0cb7715bfd3d4.
Collins, Patricia H. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Ed. ke-2. New York: Routledge, 2000.
Collins, Patricia H. Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory. Durham: Duke University Press, 2019.
Collins, Patricia H. dan Sirma Bilge. Intersectionality. Medford: Polity, 2020.
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color,” Stanford Law Review 43, no. 6 (1991): 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039.
Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams. “Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law,” dalam Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement, ed. Kimberlé Crenshaw et al., 103–126. New York: New Press, 1995.
Delgado, Richard dan Jean Stefancic, Critical Race Theory: An Introduction. Ed ke-2. New York: New York University Press, 2012.
DiAngelo, Robin. White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk about Racism. Boston: Beacon Press, 2018.
Gossett, Thomas F. Race: The History of an Idea in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Hays, J. Daniel. From every People and Nation: A Biblical Theology of Race. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2003.
Kautzer, Chad. “Marx’s Influence on the Early Frankfurt School.” Dalam The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory, ed. Michael J. Thompson, 43–66. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Keller, Timothy. “A Biblical Critique of Secular Justice and Critical Theory.” Gospel in Life. Diakses 7 Februari 2021. https://quarterly.gospelinlife.com/a-biblical-critique-of-secular-justice-and-critical-theory.
Kittel, G. dan G. Friedrich, ed., Theological Dictionary of the New Testament: Abridged in One Volume, trans. G.W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1985.
Kuo, Iris. “The ‘Whitening’ of Asian Americans.” Atlantic. 13 September 2018. Diakses 7 Juli 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/08/the-whitening-of-asian-americans/563336/.
Levinson, Bradley. Beyond Critique: Exploring Critical Social Theories and Education. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Lukianoff, Greg dan Jonathan Haidt. The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generations for Failure. New York: Penguin Press, 2019.
Macquire, Daniel C. “The Primacy of Justice in Moral Theology.” Horizons 10, no. 1 (1983): 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0360966900023355.
Marshall, Chris. “Divine Justice as Restorative Justice.” Dalam Prison, Christian Reflection: A Series in Faith and Ethics, ed. Robert B. Kruschwitz et al., 11–19. Waco: The Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University, 2012. Diakses 1 November 2021. https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/163068.pdf.
Marshall, Christopher. “Justice, Restorative.” Dalam Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics, ed. Joel B. Green et al., 438–439. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011.
Marshall, Christopher. “Justice, Retributive.” Dalam Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics, ed. Joel B. Green et al., 440–441. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011.
Mavrodes, George. “On Helping the Hungry.” Christianity Today. 30 Desember 1977. Diakses 1 November 2020. https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/1977/december-30/current-religious-thought-on-helping-hungry.html.
Mott, Stephen Charles. “Justice, Distributive.” Dalam Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics, ed. Joel B. Green et al., 437–438. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011.
Nash, Ronald H. Social Justice and the Christian Church. Lima: Academic Renewal, 2002.
Patel, Viraj S. “Moving Toward an Inclusive Model of Allyship for Racial Justice.” The Vermon Connection 32, no. 1 (2011): 78–87.
Pluckrose, Helen dan James Lindsay. Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity—and Why This Harms Everybody. Durham: Pitchstone, 2020.
Pluckrose, Helen dan James Lindsay. “Identity Politics Does Not Continue the Work of the Civil Rights Movements,” Areo, 25 September 2018. Diakses 20 Januari 2021. https://www.areomagazine.com/2018/09/25/identity-politics-does-not-continue-the-work-of-the-civil-rights-movement.
Postone, Moishe. “Critical Theory and the Historical Transformations of Capitalist Modernity.” Dalam The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory, ed. Michael J. Thompson, 137–164. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Sensoy, Özlem dan Robin DiAngelo. Is Everyone Really Equal? Ed. ke-2. New York: Teachers College, 2017.
Shenvi, Neil dan Pat Sawyer, “Critical Theory and the Social Justice Movement,” Journal of Christian Legal Thought 10, no. 1 (2020): 10–13.
Shenvi, Neil dan Pat Sawyer. “Engaging and the Social Justice Movement.” Adobe PDF ebook. Diakses 3 Februari 2021. https://ratiochristi.org/engaging-critical-theory-and-the-social-justice-movement.
Sider, Ronald J. Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1977.
Sleeter, Christine E. “Critical Race Theory and Education.” Dalam Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education, ed. James A. Banks, 490–499. Thousand Oaks: SAGE, 2012.
Smith, David N. “Theory and Class Consciousness.” Dalam The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory, ed. Michael J. Thompson, 369-424. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Smith, Robert S. “Cultural Marxism: Imaginary Conspiracy or Revolutionary Reality?” Themelios 44, no. 3 (2019): 436–465.
Thompson, Michael J. “Introduction: What Is Critical Theory?” Dalam The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory, ed. Michael J. Thompson, 1–14. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Williams, Thaddeus J. Confronting Injustice without Compromising Truth: 12 Questions Christians Should Ask about Social Justice. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic, 2020.
Worrell, Mark. “The Social Psychology of Authority.” Dalam The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory, ed. Michael J. Thompson, 463–480. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Kalvin Budiman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.