“It is infidel for those who worship the Three Gods”: Dismissing Allegations Regarding the Problem of the Trinity Doctrine

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v20i1.412

Keywords:

Theological Problems, Logical Problems, Revelation, Mystery, Reason, Categorical Difference, Theological Dialectics

Abstract

The Trinity is a fundamental doctrine in the Christian faith. Though the word “trinity” never appears in the Bible, its truth is displayed throughout the entire writing of Scripture. However, it does not mean that all people accept this truth. In the Indonesian context, whose major population is Muslim, the idea of one God but three, and three but one, is very polytheistic. Muslims highly regard the concept of monotheism. Standing on this monotheistic truth, to them, the idea of the Trinity is not just simply weird but must also be vigorously rejected. Observing the above two facts, the author sees the need for an apologetic defense against those accusations. This article exerts to describe allegations concerning the theological and logical problems of the Trinity as well as provide an adequate apologetic defense. This article aims to present an objective apologetic defense in the belief that the doctrine of Trinity is monotheistic (theological defense), and even though far surpassing the limited human reasoning, Trinity is not irrational (logical defense).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Allaf, Mashad. “Islamic Theology.” Dalam The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies. Ed. Clinton Bennet, 119–134. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.

Aland, Barbara, Kurt Aland, Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. Ed. Ke-27. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006.

Ali, HA Mukti. Memahami Beberapa Aspek Ajaran Islam. Bandung: Mizan, 1996.

Allen, Paul L. Theological Method: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: T&T Clark, 2012.

Al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf. Bagaimana Islam Menilai Yahudi dan Nasrani. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2000.

As-Segaf, Alawy bin Abdul Qadir. Mengungkap Kesempurnaan Sifat-sifat Allah dalam Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 1994.

Ayub, Mahmoud. “The Need for Harmony and Collaboration between Muslim and Christians.” Dalam A Muslim View of Christianity: Essays on Dialogue by Mahmoud Ayoub. Ed. Irfan A. Omar, 9–16. New York: Orbis, 2007.

Beasley-Murray, G. R. “Baptism.” Dalam Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, diedit oleh Gerald F. Hawthorne, Ralph P. Martin, Daniel G. Reid, 60–61. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1993.

Borg, Marcus. “What Did Jesus Really Say?” Bible Review 5, no. 5 (Oktober 1989): 18–25.

Borg, Marcus. The God We Never Knew: Beyond Dogmatic Religion to a More Authentic Contemporary Faith. New York HarperCollins, 1997.

Budiyanto. Mempertimbangkan Ulang Ajaran Tentang Trinitas. Yogyakarta: Taman Pustaka Kristen, 2001.

Burton, Simon. “Faith, Reason, and the Trinity in Richard Baxter’s Theology: Incipient Rationalism or Scholastic Fides Quaerens Intellectum?” Calvin Theological Journal 49, no. 1 (2014): 85–111.

Frame, John. The Doctrine of God. Phillipsburg: P&R, 2002.

Frazer, Nicole Christine. “Marcus Borg: A New Vision of Jesus.” Global Journal of Classic Theology 10, no. 3 (2013): 23–41. https://www.globaljournalct.com/marcus-borg-a-new-vision-of-jesus.

Geisler, Norman dan Abdul Saleeb. Answering Islam: The Crescent in Light of the Cross. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.

Geisler, Norman. “Trinity.” Dalam Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics, diedit oleh Norman Geisler, 730–737. Grand Rapids: Baker 2002.

Hasker, William. “The One Divine Nature.” TheoLogica 3, no. 2 (2019): 57–76.

Hoover, Jon. “Islamic Monotheism and the Trinity.” The Conrad Grebel Review 27, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 57–82. https://uwaterloo.ca/grebel/publications/conrad-grebel-review/issues/winter-2009/islamic-monotheism-and-trinity.

Lange, Armin. “The Shema Israel in Second Temple Judaism.” Journal of Ancient Judaism 1, no. 2 (2010): 207–214. https://doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00102009.

Langer, Gerhard. “Hear, O Israel: The Lord Our God, the Lord is One (Deut 6:4).” Journal of Ancient Judaism 1, no. 2 (2010): 215–226. https://doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00102010.

Lie, Bedjo. “Benarkah Yesus Tidak Mati Disalib?: Sebuah Pertanggungjawaban Iman Terhadap Pandangan Islam.” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 8, no. 1 (April 2007): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v8i1.170.

Lukito, Daniel L. “490 Tahun Reformasi: Apakah Sola Scriptura Masih Secara Konsisten Menjadi Pegangan Gereja-Gereja Reformed Masa Kini?” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 8, no. 2 (Oktober 2007): 151–168. https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v8i2.185.

Lukito, Daniel L. “A Christian Understanding and Approach of Islam in Indonesia.” Stulos Theological Journal 3, no. 2 (November 1995): 127–140.

MacLeod, David J. “The Trinity and Scripture.” The Emmaus Journal 11, no. 2 (2002): 127–219.

Malik, Jamal. “Islamic-Christian Dialogue.” The Journal of Oriental Studies 15 (2005): 129–137. http://www.iop.or.jp/Documents/0515/malik.pdf.

Martoyo, Ihan. “In One Supreme God: Islamic Neo-Modernists and the Christian Minority in Indonesia.” Jurnal Teologi Reformed Indonesia 5, no. 1 (Januari 2015): 1–13.

McCall, Thomas H. “Gender and the Trinity Once More: A Review Article.” Trinity Journal 36, no. 2 (2015): 263–280.

Michel, Thomas F. A Muslim Theologian’s Response to Christianity: Ibn Taymiyya’s Al-Jawab al-Sahih. New York: Caravan, 1984.

Muchlas, Imam. Pandangan Al-Quran terhadap Agama Kristen. Surabaya: Al-Ihsan, 1982.

Mujiburrahman. “Gagasan Mengindonesiakan Islam.” Waskita 11, no. 1 (April 2014): 45–63.

Muniron, Syamsun Ni’am, dan Ahidul Asror. Studi Islam di Perguruan Tinggi. Jember: STAIN Jember, 2010.

Murray, Michael. “Interfaith Hospitality at Dublin’s Lantern Center.” Dialogue & Alliance 27, no. 1 (2013): 100–102.

O’Brien, P. T. “Letters,” Dalam Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, diedit oleh Gerald F. Hawthorne, Ralph P. Martin, Daniel G. Reid, 550–553. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1993.

Pannikar, Raimundo. Trinity and the Religious Experience of Man. New York: Orbis Book, 1973.

Pramono, Teguh. “Dialog Sebagai Upaya Harmonisasi (Kerukunan) Hubungan Islam Kristen di Indonesia.” SIAP 1, no. 1 (Oktober 2012): 45–52.

Prasetyo, Antonius Edi. “Mendamaikan Misi dan Dakwah: Meretas Jalan Dialog Kristen-Islam dalam Bingkai Keindonesiaan.” Fenomena 9, no. 1 (2012): 61-67.

Ramelli, Ilaria L. E. “Origen, Patristic Philosophy, and Christian Platonism: Re-Thinking The Christianisasion of Hellenism.” Vigiliae Christianae 63, no. 4 (2009): 217–263. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20700314.

Rea, Michael C. “Analytic Theology: Précis.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 81, no. 3 (September 2013): 573–577. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24488076.

Rea, Michael C. “Gender as Divine Attribute.” Religious Studies 52, no. 1 (Maret 2016): 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412514000614.

Roberts, Nancy. “Trinity vs. Monotheism: A False Dichotomy?” The Muslim World 101, no. 1 (Januari 2011): 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2010.01340.x.

Shumack, Richard John. The Wisdom of Islam and the Foolishness of Christianity: A Christian Response to Nine Objections to Christianity by Muslim Philosophers. Sydney: Island View, 2015.

Sookhdeo, Patrick. A Pocket Guide to Islam. Ross-shire: Christian Focus, 2010.

Steenbrink, Karel A. Kitab Suci atau Kertas Toilet: Nuruddin Ar-Raniri dan Agama Kristen. Yogyakarta: IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 1988.

Sukamto, Amos and Rudy Pramono, “The Roots of Conflicts between Muslims and Christians in Indonesia in 1995-1997,” Transformation 37, no. 3 (Juli 2020): 208–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265378820937722.

Sukamto, Amos. “Hidup Menggereja dalam Konteks Hubungan Islam-Kristen di Indonesia Masa Kini.” Stulos (April 2012): 123–140.

Troll, Christian W. Clarity in Christian-Muslim Relations. New York: Orbis, 2009.

Wallace, Daniel B. “Lost in Transmission: How Badly Did the Scribes Corrupt the New Testament Text.” Dalam Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament: Manuscript, Patristic, and Apocryphal Evidence, diedit oleh Daniel B. Wallace, 19–55. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2011.

Published

18-06-2021

How to Cite

Jatmiko, Yudi. “‘It Is Infidel for Those Who Worship the Three Gods’: Dismissing Allegations Regarding the Problem of the Trinity Doctrine”. Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 20, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 37–50. Accessed November 22, 2024. https://ojs.seabs.ac.id/index.php/Veritas/article/view/412.

Issue

Section

Articles