The Priesthood of All Sentients? The Eclipse of Transcendence in an Age of Artificial Intelligence

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v22i2.597

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Robot, Worship, Church, Priesthood

Abstract

BlessU-2 is a robot and a specifically designed anthropomorphic machine that performed a blessing service during 2017’s exhibition in Wittenberg, Germany, commemorating 500 years of the reformation. The exhibition was intended to open a conversation about the future of the church’s service and AI’s role in it. This research explores and introduces today’s AI research development and theological challenges for ecclesiology and Christian worship. The research explores the theological themes that can be employed by Christian theology in general and ecclesiology in particular. It proposes that the main challenge of AI developments is the reinterpretation of the transcendent in the form of AI in which technology is perceived as godlike. On the other hand, AI fills a void in the religious lacuna that reaffirms the yearning for meaning and connection. Finally, the paper proposes the importance of the basic human nature of relationality in an age of simulated artificial reality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Barth, Karl. God in Action. New York: Round Table Press, 1936.

Stephen. Sykes ed. Karl Barth: Centenary Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BBC News. “Church of England Offers Prayers Read by Amazon’s Alexa.” Accessed October 21, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-44233053.

BBC News. “God and Robots: Will AI Transform Religion?” Accessed October 21, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/technology-58983047.

Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Coeckelbergh, Mark. “Why Care About Robots? Empathy, Moral Standing, and the Language of Suffering.” Kairos. Journal of Philosophy & Science 20, no. 1 (June 2018): 141–58. https://doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2018-0007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2018-0007

Copeland, B. “Artificial Intelligence: Definition, Examples, Types, Applications.” Encyclopedia Britannica. December 14, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence.

Fjelland, Ragnar.“Why General Artificial Intelligence Will Not Be Realized.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7, no. 10 (December 2020): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0494-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0494-4

Furse, Edmund. “The Theology of Robots.” New Blackfriars 67, 795 (1986): 377-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1986.tb06559.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1986.tb06559.x

George, Timothy. “The Priesthood of All Believers.” First Things, (October 2016). https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2016/10/the-priesthood-of-all-believers.

Gunarso, G., Mokorowu, Y., Boy Saragih, D., and Perangin Angin, P. “Artificial Intelligence in a Christian Perspective of Humanity and Personhood,” International Dialogues on Education Journal 9, no.1 (2022): 176–191. https://doi.org/10.53308/ide.v9i1.279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53308/ide.v9i1.279

Gunkel, David J. Robot Rights. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11444.001.0001

Haas, Benjamin. “Chinese Man ‘Marries’ Robot He Built Himself.” The Guardian. October 21, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/04/chinese-man-marries-robot-built-himself.

Helbing, Dirk, Towards Digital Enlightenment: Essays on the Dark and Light Sides of the Digital Revolution, 73–98. Zurich: Springer International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90869-4_7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90869-4

Hurtado, Joshua. “Towards a Postmortal Society of Virtualised Ancestors? The Virtual Deceased Person and the Preservation of the Social Bond.” Mortality 28, no.1 (2021): 90-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2021.1878349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2021.1878349

Kurzweil, Ray. The Singularity Is Near. New York: Penguin, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1119621.1117663

Lewis, C. S. The Abolition of Man. San Fransisco: HaperCollins, 2001.

Löffler, Diana, Jörn Hurtienne, and Ilona Nord. “Blessing Robot BlessU2: A Discursive Design Study to Understand the Implications of Social Robots in Religious Contexts.” International Journal of Social Robotics 13 (2021): 569–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00558-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00558-3

Lorrimar, Victoria. “Mind Uploading and Embodied Cognition: A Theological Response.” Zygon 54, no. 1 (2019): 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12481

Luther, Martin. Address to the German Nobility Concerning Christian Liberty. Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, 1999. https:// www.gutenberg.org/files/1911/1911-h/1911-h.htm.

Ng, Joanna. “How Artificial Super-Intelligence Is Today’s Tower of Babel.” Christianity Today. June 17, 2020. https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2020/june-web-only/artificial-intelligence-todays-tower-of-babel-ai-ethics.html.

Oakes, John. 2017. “The AI Robot Sophia Was Recently Given Citizenship. What Issues Does the Production of Ever-More-Intelligent AI Machines like Sophia Raise for Christians?” November 28, 2017. https://evidenceforchristianity.org/the-ai-robot-sophia-was-recently-given-citizenship-what-issues-does-the-production-of-ever-more-intelligent-ai-machines-like-sophia-raise-for-christians/.

Parke, Phoebe. “Is It Cruel to Kick a Robot Dog? February 13, 2015. https://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/13/tech/spot-robot-dog-google/index.html.

Parker, Tripp, and Albert Erisman. “Artificial Intelligence: A Theological Perspective.” Ethix 71, no. 2 (2019): 95-106. https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2019/PSCF6-19ErismanParker.pdf.

Polgar, David Ryan. “Robots That Look like Humans Raise Big Ethical Tech Questions about Empathy.” June 22, 2017. https://qz.com/1010828/is-it-unethical-to-design-robots-to-resemble-humans/.

Radner, Ephraim. “Artificial Intelligence: A Theological Perspective.” Toronto Journal of Theology 36 no.1 (2020):81-83. https://doi.org/10.3138/TJT-2020-0026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/tjt-2020-0026

Saragih, Denni Boy. “Disruptive Presence: The Ontology, Theology, and Ethics of Reading the Bible as Scripture in Karl Barth’s Exegesis.” PhD Diss. Edinburgh University, 2016. https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/21016?show=full.

Sherwood, Harriet. “Robot Priest Unveiled in Germany to Mark 500 Years since Reformation.” The Guardian. Accessed October 21, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/30/robot-priest-blessu-2-germany-reformation-exhibition.

Singler, Beth. “An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Religion for the Religious Studies Scholar.” Implicit Religion 20, no. 3 (2017): 215–31. https://doi.org/10.1558/imre.35901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/imre.35901

Singler, Beth. “Existential Hope And Existential Despair in AI Apocalypticism and Transhumanism.” Zygon 54, no. 1 (2019): 156–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12494

Singler, Beth. “‘Blessed by the Algorithm’: Theistic Conceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Online Discourse.” AI and Society 35, no. 4 (2020): 945–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00968-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00968-2

Starr, Michelle. “Eternime Wants You to Live Forever as a Digital Ghost.” CNET, April 21, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/eternime-wants-you-to-live-forever-as-a-digital-ghost/.

Wilkinson, Chiara. “The People in Intimate Relationships With AI Chatbots.” VICE. January 21, 2022. https://www.vice.com/en/article/93bqbp/can-you-be-in-relationship-with-replika.

Walsh, Alistair. “Saudi Arabia Grants Citizenship to Robot Sophia.” DW, October 28, 2017. https://www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabia-grants-citizenship-to-robot-sophia/a-41150856.

Wyatt, John. 2020. “Briefing: AI and Digital Technologies - John Wyatt.” accessed October 21, 2021. https://johnwyatt.com/2020/12/10/briefing-ai-and-digital-technologies/.

Wyatt, John and Stephen N. Williams (eds.). The Robot Will See You Now, London: SPCK, 2021.

Zizioulas, John. Being as Communion: Studies in Personhood and the Church. London: Darton Longman & Todd, 2004.

Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. London: PublicAffairs, 2020.

Downloads

Published

02-12-2023

How to Cite

Saragih, Denni Boy. “The Priesthood of All Sentients? The Eclipse of Transcendence in an Age of Artificial Intelligence”. Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 22, no. 2 (December 2, 2023): 235–245. Accessed December 22, 2024. https://ojs.seabs.ac.id/index.php/Veritas/article/view/597.

Issue

Section

Articles